Dr Fiona Brock

Radiocarbon Laboratory Post-doctoral Chemist

Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art
Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QY

phone: 01865 285210

fax: 01865 285220

email: fiona.brock@rlaha.ox.ac.uk

Research interests:

As the radiocarbon laboratory chemist, my research focuses on the development and application of radiocarbon pre-treatment methods for a range of archaeological materials, in particular bone and charcoal. I am also interested in the preservation of organic archaeological materials.

Current activities include:

  • Radiocarbon dating of historical parchments: testing pre-treatment protocols and dating precision and accuracy
  • A novel approach for extracting pollen from sediments for radiocarbon dating (with R Jones, University of Exeter)
  • Analysis of structural and chemical change on the nanoscale within archaeological bone from Etton Causewayed Enclosure
  • Pre-Hispanic Caribbean Sculpture in Wood (PI: J Ostapkowicz, National Museums, Liverpool)
  • Radiocarbon dating Apachean presence in Promontory Cave, Utah (PI: J Ives, University of Alberta)
  • The Origins of Nationhood: A New Chronology for the Formation of the Egyptian State (PI: C Bronk Ramsey, University of Oxford)

Publications

Journal Articles & Conference Proceedings

In press
Staff, R.A., Bronk Ramsey, C., Bryant, C.L., Brock, F., Kitagawa, H., van der Plicht, J., Schlolaut, G., Marshall, M.H., Brauer, A., Lamb, H.F., Payne, R.L., Tarasov, P.E., Haraguchi, T., Gotanda, K., Yonenobu, H., Yokoyama, Y., Nakagawa, T. and Suigetsu 2006 Project Members, Integration of the old and new Lake Suigetsu (Japan, terrestrial radiocarbon calibration data sets, Radiocarbon, 55 (2)
2013
Brock, F., Higham, T. Bronk Ramsey, C., (2013), Comments on the use of Ezee-filters and ultrafilters at ORAU, Radiocarbon, 55 (1),211-212
2012
Brock, F., Ostapkowicz, J., Bronk Ramsey, C., Widenhoeft, A. & Cartwright, C., (2012), Paired dating of pith and outer edge (terminus) samples from pre-hispanic caribbean wooden sculptures, Radiocarbon, 54 (3-4),677-688
Brock, F., Wood, R., Higham, T.F.G., Ditchfield, P., Bayliss, A., and Bronk Ramsey, C., (2012), Reliability of nitrogen content (%N) and carbon:nitrogen atomic ratios (C:N) as indicators of collagen preservation suitable for radiocarbon dating, Radiocarbon , 54 (3-4),879-886
Bronk Ramsey, C., Staff, R.A., Bryant, C.L., Brock, F., Kitagawa, H., van der Plicht, J., Schlolaut, G., Marshall, M.H., Brauer, H.F., Payne, R.L., Tarasova, P.E., Haraguchi, T., Gotanda, K., Yonenobu, H., Yokoyama, Y., Tada, R. and Nakagawa, T., (2012), A complete terrestrial radiocarbon record for 11.2 to 52.8 kyr B.P., Science , 338 (6105),370-4 : Proceedings of C613
Dee, M.W., Rowland, J.M., Higham, T.F.G., Shortland, A., Brock, F., Harris, S.A. and Bronk Ramsey, C., (2012), Synchonising radiocarbon dating and the Egyptian historical chronology by improved sample selection, Antiquity, 86 (333),868-883
Housley, R.A., Lane, C.S., Cullen, V., Weber, M-J., Riede, F., Gamble, C.S. & Brock, F, (2012), Icelandic volcanic ash from the Late-glacial open-air archaeological site of Ahrenshöft LA58 D, north Germany, Journal of Archaeological Science, 39,708-716
Ostapkowicz, J., Ramsey, C.B., Brock, F., Higham, T., Wiedenhoeft, A.C., Ribechini, E., Lucejko, J.J., Wilson, S., (2012), Chronologies in wood and resin: AMS 14C dating of pre-Hispanic Caribbean wood sculpture, Journal of Archaeological Science, 39,2238e2251
Parkes, R.J., Brock, F., Banning, N., Hornibrook, E.R.C., Roussel, E.G., Weightman, A.J. & Fry, J.C. , (2012), Changes in methanogenic substrate utilization and communities with depth in a salt-marsh, creek sediment in southern England. , . Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 96,170-178
2011
Arnold, L.J., Roberts, R.G., MacPhee, R.D.E., Haile, J.S., Brock, F., Moller, P., Froese, D.G., Tikhonov, A.N., Chivas, A.R., Gilbert, T.P., Willerslev, E., (2011), Paper II – Dirt, dates and DNA: OSL and radiocarbon chronologies of perennially frozen sediments in Siberia, and their implication for sedimentary ancient DNA studies, Boreas, 40,417-445
Bonneau, A., Brock, F., Higham, T., Pearce, D.G., Pollard, A.M., (2011), An improved pretreatment protocol for radiocarbon dating black pigments in San rock art, Radiocarbon, 53 (3),419-428
Brock, F., Lee, S., Housley, R.A. & Bronk Ramsey, C., (2011), Variation in the radiocarbon age of different fractions of peat: a case study from Ahrenshöft, northern Germany., Quaternary Geochronology, 6 (6),550-555
Dee, M.W., Brock, F., Bowles, A. & Bronk Ramsey, C. (, (2011), Using a silica substrate to monitor the effectiveness of radiocarbon pretreatment. , Radiocarbon, 53,705-711
Higham, T.F.G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Brock, F., Baker, D. and Ditchfield, P. , (2011), Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 34, Archaeometry, 53 (5) ,1067-1084
Hodgins, G., Lindroos, A., Ringbom, Å., Heinemeier, J. & Brock, F. , (2011), 14C dating of Roman mortars: preliminary tests using titration with diluted hydrochloric acid. In: Ringbom Å, Hohlfelder RL, editors. Building Roma Aeterna, Current Research on Roman Mortar and Concrete, Proceedings of the conference, March 27-29, 2008, Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum , 128,206-10
Lindroos, A., Heinemeier, J., Ringbom, Å., Brock, F., Sonck-Koota, P., Pehkonen, M. & Suksi, J. , (2011), Problems in radiocarbon dating of Roman pozzolana mortars. In: Ringbom Å, Hohlfelder RL, editors. Building Roma Aeterna, Current Research on Roman Mortar and Concrete, Proceedings of the conference, March 27-29, 2008, Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum , 128,211-27
Ostapkowicz,.J., Wiedenhoeft, A., Bronk Ramsey, C., Ribechini, E., Wilson ,S., Brock, F., Higham, T. , (2011), ‘Treasures of black wood, brilliantly polished’: five examples of Taíno sculpture from the tenth-sixteenth century Caribbean, Antiquity, 85,942-959
Rebollo, N.R., Weiner, S., Brock, F., Meignen, L., Goldberg, P., Belfer-Cohen, A., Bar-Yosef, O. & Boaretto, E. , (2011), New radiocarbon dating of the transition from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic in Kebara Cave, Israel, Journal of Archaeological Science, 38,2424-2433
Ringbom, Å., Heinemeier, J., Lindroos, A. & Brock, F. , (2011), Mortar dating and Roman pozzolana, results and interpretations. In: Ringbom Å, Hohlfelder RL, editors. Building Roma Aeterna, Current Research on Roman Mortar and Concrete, Proceedings of the conference, March 27-29, 2008, Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum , 128,184-205
Staff, R.A., Bronk Ramsey, C., Byrant, C.L., Brock, F., Payne, R.L., Schlolaut, G., Marshall, M.H., Brauer, A., Lamb, H.F., Tarasov, P., Yokoyama, Y., Haraguchi, T., Gotanda, K., Yonenobu, H., Hakagawa, T. and Suigetsu 2006 Project members, (2011), New 14C Determinations from Lake Suigetsu, Japan, 12,000 to 0 Cal BC, Radiocarbon, 53 (3),511-528
2010
Ascough, P. L., Bird, M. I., Meredith, W., Wood, R.E., Snape, C. E., Brock, F., Higham, T.F.G., Large, D.J and Apperley, D.C, (2010), Hydropyrolysis: Implications for radiocarbon pretreatment and characterization of black carbon, Radiocarbon, 52 (2-3),1336-1350
Brock, F., Higham, T.F.G., Ditchfield, P. & Bronk Ramsey, C., (2010), Current pretreatment methods for AMS radiocarbon dating at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU), Radiocarbon, 52 (1),103-112
Brock, F., Froese, D.G. & Roberts, R.G. , (2010), Low temperature (LT) combustion of sediments does not provide accurate radiocarbon dates for site chronology , Quaternary Geochronology, 5,625-630
Brock, F., Higham, T. & Bronk Ramsey, C., (2010), Pre-screening techniques for identification of samples suitable for radiocarbon dating of poorly preserved bones, Journal of Archaeological Science, 37,855-865
Bronk Ramsey, C., Dee, M., Rowland, J., Higham, T., Harris, S., Brock, F., Quiles, A., Wild, E., Marcus, E. & Shortland, A., (2010), Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt, Science, 328,1554-1557
Dee, M.W., Brock, F., Harris, S.A., Bronk Ramsey, C., Shortland, A.J., Higham, T.F.G. & Rowland, J.M., (2010), Investigating the likelihood of a reservoir offset in the radiocarbon record for ancient Egypt, Journal of Archaeological Science, 37,687-693
Tyler J, Kashiyama Y, Ohkouchi N, Ogawa N, Yokoyama Y, Chikaraishi Y, Staff RA, Ikehara M, Bronk Ramsey C, Bryant CL, Brock F, Gotanda K, Haraguchi T, Yonenobu H and Nakagawa T , (2010), Tracking aquatic change using chlorine-specific carbon and nitrogen isotopes: the last glacial-interglacial transition at Lake Suigetsu, Japan, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems , 11 (9),doi:10.1029/2010GC003186
2009
Ascough, P.L., Bird, M.I., Brock, F., Higham, T.F.G., Meredith, W., Snape, C.E. & Vane, C.H., (2009), Hydropyrolysis as a new tool for radiocarbon pre-treatment and the quantification of black carbon, Quaternary Geochronology, 4(2),140-147
Brock, F. & Higham, T.F.G., (2009), AMS Radiocarbon dating of Paleolithic-aged charcoal from Europe and the Mediterranean Rim using ABOx-SC, Radiocarbon, 51(2),839-846
Broglio, A., de Stefani, M., Gurioli, F, Pallecchi, P., Giachi, G., Higham, T. & Brock, F., (2009), L'art aurignacien dans la décoration de la Grotte de Fumane, L'anthropologie, 113,753-761
Bronk Ramsey, C., Higham, T.F.G., Brock, F., Baker, D. & Ditchfield, P., (2009), Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry Datelist 33, Archaeometry, 51(2),323-349
Higham, T.F.G, Barton, H., Turney, C.M.T., Barker, G., Bronk Ramsey,C., & Brock, F., (2009), Radiocarbon dating of charcoal from tropical sequences: Results from the Niah Great Cave, Sarawak and their broader implications, Journal of Quaternary Science, 24(2),189-197
Higham, T.F.G., Brock, F., Peresani, M., Broglio, A., Wood, R. & Douka, K., (2009), Problems with radiocarbon dating the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Italy, Quaternary Science Reviews, 28,1257-1267
Ranta, A.V., Hansson, J., Lindroos, A., Ringbom, Å, Heinemeir, J., Brock, F. & Hodgins, G., (2009), Om datering av Gotlands medeltida kryor, Hikuin 36, proceedings of "Kirkeæologi i Norden 9, Kalundborg, Danmark", ,85-100
Stynder, D.D., Brock, F., Sealy, J.C., Wurz, S., Morris, A.G. & Volman, T.P., (2009), A mid-Holocene AMS 14C date for the presumed upper Pleistocene human skeleton from Peers Cave, South Africa, Journal of Human Evolution, 56,431-434
Zazula, G.D., Harrington, C.R., Telka, A.M. & Brock, F., (2009), Radiocarbon dates reveal that Lupinus arcticus plants were grown from modern not Pleistocene seeds, New Phytologist, 182,788-792
Zazula, G.D., MacKay, G., Andtrews, T.D., Shapiro, B., Letts, B. & Brock, F., (2009), A late Pleistocene steppe bison (Bison priscus) partial carcass from Tsiigehtchic, Northwest Territories, Canada, Quaternary Science Reviews, 28, 2734­-2742
2008
Arnold, L.J., Roberts, R.G., MacPhee, R.D.E., Willersley, E., Tikhnov, A.N. & Brock, F., (2008), Optical dating of perennially frozen deposits asociated with preserved ancient plant and animal DNA in north-central Siberia, Quaternary Geochronology, 3,114-136
DeMuro, M., Roberts, R.G., Froese, D.G., Arnold, L.J., Brock, F. & Bronk Ramsey, C., (2008), Optically stimulated luminescence dating of single and multiple grains of quartz from perennially-frozen loess in western Yukon Territory, Canada: Comparison with radiocarbon chronologies for the late Pleistocene Dawson tephra, Quaternary Geochronology, 3(4),346-364
Wild, E.M., Neugebauer-Maresch, C., Einwögerer, T., Stadler, P., Steier, P., & Brock, F., (2008), 14C-Dating of the Upper Paleolithic Site at Krems-Hundssteig in Lower Austria, Radiocarbon, 50(1),1-10
2007
Brock, F., Bronk Ramsey, C. & Higham, T.F.G., (2007), Quality assurance of ultrafiltered bone dating, Radiocarbon, 49(2),187-192 : Proceedings of 19th International Radiocarbon conference
Brock, F., Higham, T. & Bronk Ramsey, C., (2007), Radiocarbon dating bone recovered from gravel sites, English Heritage, Research Department Report Series, 30/2007
Higham, T.F.G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Brock, F., Baker, D. & Ditchfield, P., (2007), Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry Datelist 32, Archaeometry, 49,S1-S60
Parkes, R.J., Cragg, B., Banning, N., Brock, F., Webster, G., Fry, J.C., Hornibrook, E.R.C., Pancost, R.D., Kelly, S., Knab, N., Jorgensen, B.B., Rinna, J. & Weightman, A.J., (2007), Biogeochemistry and biodiversity of methane cycling in subsurface marine sediments (Skagerrak, Denmark), Environmental Microbiology, 9(5), 1146-1161
2006
Brock, F., Parkes, R.J. & Briggs, D.E.G., (2006), Experimental pyrite formation associated with decay of plant material, Palaios, 21,499-506
2005
Banning, N., Brock, F., Fry, J.C., Parkes, R.J., Hornibrook, E.R.C. & Weightman, A.J., (2005), Investigation of methanogen population structure and activity in brackish lake sediment., Environmental Microbiology, 7,947-960

Contributions to Edited Books

2012
Higham, T.F.G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Cheney, H., Brock,, F, & Douka, K. , (2012), Radiocarbon chronology of Gorham's Cave: in “Gibraltar Neanderthals in Context. A report of the 1995-98 excavations at Gorham’s & Vanguard Caves, Gibraltar (eds.) Barton, R.N.E., Finlayson, C., Stringer, C.B.”, pp 62-76, Oxford University School of Archaeology: Monograph 75.
2011
Hodgins, G., Lindroos, A., Ringbom, Å., Heinemeier, J. and Brock, F., (2011), 14C dating of Roman mortars: preliminary tests using titration with diluted hydrochloric acid: in “Ringbom Å, Hohlfelder RL (eds.), Building Roma Aeterna, Current Research on Roman Mortar and Concrete, Proceedings of the conference, March 27-29, 2008. ”, pp 206-10, Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum 128.
Lindroos, A., Heinemeier, J., Ringbom, Å., Brock, F., Sonck-Koota, P., Pehkonen, M., and Suksi, J., (2011), Problems in radiocarbon dating of Roman pozzolana mortars: in “Ringbom Å, Hohlfelder RL, (eds.) Building Roma Aeterna, Current Research on Roman Mortar and Concrete, Proceedings of the conference, March 27-29, 2008”, pp 211-27, Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum 128.
Ostapkowicz, J., Bronk Ramsey, C., Widenhoeft, A.C., Brock, F., Higham, T. & Wilson, S., (2011), ‘This Relic of Antiquity’. Fifth to fifteenth wood carvings from the southern Lesser Antilles: in “Hofmann, C.L. & van Duijvenbode, A (eds.) Communities in Contact: Essays in archaeology, ethnohistory and ethnography of the Amerindian circum-Caribbean”, pp 137-170, Leiden: Sidestone Press.
Pollard, A.M. and Brock, F. , (2011), Provenancing parchment, leather and paper using stable isotope studies: in “Neate S., Ovenden, R., Howell, D. and Pollard, A.M. (eds.) The Technological Study of Books and Manuscripts as Artefacts.”, pp 85-90, BAR S2209, Archaeopress: Oxford.
Ringbom, Å., Heinemeier, J., Lindroos, A., and Brock, F., (2011), Mortar dating and Roman pozzolana, results and interpretations: in “Ringbom Å, Hohlfelder RL, (eds.) Building Roma Aeterna, Current Research on Roman Mortar and Concrete, Proceedings of the conference, March 27-29, 2008”, pp 184-205, Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum 128.