Dr Kim Eileen Ruf

Research Profile

I am a Postdoctoral Researcher and the Principal Investigator of the EPICS petroglyph project. My research explores prehistoric stoneworking traditions in Central America, focusing on the production and spatial distribution of petroglyphs in Costa Rica and their role in shaping early social complexity and human-landscape interaction.

Before joining Oxford, I held a Research Fellowship at Harvard University, where I examined crafting techniques, use-wear patterns, and iconography of Costa Rican jade pendants. I further re-examined how gender, symbolism, and social identity were represented in pre-Columbian lapidary traditions, offering a more nuanced perspective on social complexity and identity.

Building on this, I now lead the AHRC-funded EPICS petroglyph project (Set in Stone? Exploring Petroglyphs in the Context of Early Complex Societies in Southern Costa Rica), which was recognised with a Seal of Excellence by the European Commission and further supported by the Society of Antiquaries of London through seed funding in 2024/25.

This project seeks to build the first comprehensive open-access dataset on petroglyphs in southern Costa Rica, supporting both academic research and cultural heritage preservation. Integrating geospatial analyses with laser scanning and modelling approaches, this research will provide essential tools for archaeologists and open new avenues for understanding the archaeology and heritage of the pre-Columbian Central Americas.

I received my PhD in Archaeology from the University of Cambridge and hold degrees in archaeology from the Universiteit Leiden (M.A.) and Durham University (B.A. Hons.).

Publications